2024 Is brake checking illegal in ohio

Mar 14, 2023 ... ,brake checks, Bad driving| Instantjustice Submit ... Illegal U-turn earns consequences Kevin ... Ohio Thank You! Please feel free to contact .... A wandering atrial pacemaker quizlet

The state of Minnesota considers brake checking a form of careless driving, which is illegal. Brake checking can result in severe accidents that lead to debilitating injuries. An attorney can investigate a car accident and gather evidence to prove brake checking occurred.Section 4513.02 | Unsafe vehicles. Section 4513.02. |. Unsafe vehicles. (A) No person shall drive or move, or cause or knowingly permit to be driven or moved, on any highway any vehicle or combination of vehicles which is in such unsafe condition as to endanger any person. (B) When directed by any state highway patrol trooper, the operator of ...Brake checking is when a driver quickly and abruptly hits their brakes in order to catch the driver behind them off-guard and force them also to brake very fast. This is intentional, reckless, and illegal. It can cause rear-end accidents or even a pile-up if the traffic is moving swiftly. Aside from the danger of someone being injured (or worse ...May 4, 2020 · We have more than 45 years of experience in personal injury litigation and can provide clients with beneficial legal services to strengthen their claims. Call us at 617-391-9001 or fill out our contact form. Comments are closed. After a brake-checking accident, having a skilled legal team is crucial. Sweeney Merrigan Personal Injury Lawyers is ... A fifth-degree felony in Ohio is a crime that, if convicted, carries a prison term of between six and 12 months and/or a fine of up to $2,500. Crimes that are considered class 5s i...The passenger in question is kind of a jacksauce and not necessarily and authority on legal matters but I must admit I've never really considered the legality of brake checking. I searched google and most of the answers I saw were mere speculation. I found one yahoo answers entry which claimed that brake checking was illegal and easily ...Sadly, in Florida, brake checking is not specifically illegal. However, it can be considered a form of aggressive driving or road rage, which is illegal under Florida law . Aggressive driving is defined as any behavior that endangers or is likely to endanger people or property, such as speeding, weaving in and out of traffic, tailgating, or ...In many rear-end collisions, the trailing driver who hit the front vehicle is usually found to be at fault. When brake checking is involved, however, the motorist who performed the dangerous maneuver will likely be found responsible. In these situations, three main factors could affect liability: Whether the lead driver hit the brakes on purpose.Brake checking is a dangerous and illegal behavior on the road. It can lead to accidents, injuries, and legal consequences for the at-fault driver. Remember to stay calm and follow safe driving practices when faced with aggressive or reckless drivers. In the event of an accident involving brake checking, seek legal assistance and hold the ...Is It Illegal to Brake Check Brake checking is deemed reckless driving under South Carolina Uniform Traffic Law Section 56-5-2920, meaning you can expect to be held liable for damages. This law essentially states that anyone who drives a vehicle in a manner that indicates a willful or wanton disregard for the safety of others and their …A brake check can result in serious injuries and damages that may be costs if you’re found guilty of brake checking. The issue of whether or not brake checking is illegal is settled, since the act constitutes reckless driving. Generally, it is also illegal to drive too closely to a vehicle in front. YOU MAY ALSO LIKE.Feb 10, 2021 · Brake Checking in California and Oregon. Both California and Oregon have laws against reckless or careless driving, but this is not the only law that prohibits brake checking. Because brake checking is a targeted aggressive act and especially if it results in injury, the driver could be charged with things like assault and reckless endangerment. Brake checking is the act of sharply hitting the brakes whilst driving with a vehicle behind you, with the intention of making the unsuspecting vehicle slam on their own brakes or swerve out of the way lest they cause an accident. It stems from the common thought that insurance companies would find the victim at fault for not leaving enough ...As such, breaks are not included in this definition and do not need to be paid. An employer who provides employees with a break of more than 20 minutes does not need to pay wages for lunch periods or other breaks. However, according to federal law, breaks twenty (20) minutes or shorter typically must be paid.Effective: October 16, 2009. Latest Legislation: House Bill 1 - 128th General Assembly. PDF: Download Authenticated PDF. (A) Whenever a motor vehicle is being operated on a roadway or shoulder adjacent thereto during the times specified in section 4513.03 of the Revised Code, the driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam ...Jacksonville, FL 32202. (904) 822-4225. Baggett Law Personal Injury Lawyers – Ponte Vedra. 480 Town Plaza Ave #130, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32081. (904) 675-1167. Brake checking involves using brakes to scare or shock rear drivers. If you’ve experienced a brake checking accident in Florida, consult a car accident attorney.There is not a specific law that makes brake checking illegal in Michigan. However, slamming on one’s brakes to retaliate against a tailgater could result in a ticket for careless driving if the police determine you endangered another person. Additionally, if you cause an accident, then you may be found at fault.Apr 22, 2022 · If you still wonder, “Is brake checking illegal?” you can schedule a free consultation with our attorneys at Labrum Law Firm Personal Injury Lawyers to discuss your unique case. Call (615) 685-8546 to get answers to your questions. Brake checking is illegal not only in California, but in all 50 states. It is a dangerous driving behavior that leads to many rear-end accidents resulting in vehicle damage and serious injuries. The reason why people brake check is a complicated one. It could be an aggressive driving tactic, a symptom of road rage, or insurance company fraud.The Ohio Office of the Attorney General has determined that, pursuant to the Ohio Revised Code Sections 505.17(A) and 4513.221(E)(4), a Board of County Commissioners or Township Trustees may enact a regulation prohibiting the use of engine brakesA brake light switch is a type of relay used to tell brake lights to turn on when you push down on the brake pedal. When brake lights stop working and you’ve already checked the bu... Section 4513.071 | Stop light. Section 4513.071. |. Stop light. (A) Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with two or more stop lights, except that passenger cars manufactured or assembled prior to January 1, 1967, motorcycles, and motor-driven cycles shall be equipped with at ... Feb 7, 2023 · There is no specific law that says brake checking is illegal. However, the act of doing a brake check can be classified as aggressive driving behavior, which is illegal in Wisconsin. Drivers who engage in this type of behavior risk causing harm to others. Drivers who break the law in this way can be ticketed or face other legal penalties. Engine Brake Use - Engine brake use is common among large semi-trucks. Check out HowStuffWorks for an explanation on engine brake use. Advertisement Engine brakes are used when a ...Ohio: $150: 2: Oklahoma: $ 285: 2: Oregon: $355 : n/a: Pennsylvania: $125: 3: Rhode Island: $85: n/a: South Carolina: $25-$200: ... Tailgating laws usually specify that driving too close to another vehicle is not permitted when conditions allow keeping a safe distance. ... Brake checking will make the driver of the vehicle behind you push on ...Section 4511.01. |. Traffic laws - operation of motor vehicles definitions. As used in this chapter and in Chapter 4513. of the Revised Code: (A) "Vehicle" means every device, including a motorized bicycle and an electric bicycle, in, upon, or by which any person or property may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except that "vehicle" …Motor vehicles equipped with surge brake systems must have a service brake system that meets the applicable requirements of §§ 393.42, 393.48, 393.49, and 393.52 of this subpart. ( c) Parking brakes. Each commercial motor vehicle must be equipped with a parking brake system that meets the applicable requirements of § 393.41.Brake Checking in California and Oregon. Both California and Oregon have laws against reckless or careless driving, but this is not the only law that prohibits brake checking. Because brake checking is a targeted aggressive act and especially if it results in injury, the driver could be charged with things like assault and reckless endangerment.Brake checking is dangerous. The Law Offices of Tim Misny can help you determine who could be liable in your brake checking car accident. Brake checking and negligence lawsuits. ... Because Ohio is a comparative negligence state, each driver may be deemed a certain percentage at fault. That percentage is deducted from their overall …The urge to slam on the brakes as payback can be strong. But is brake checking legal or illegal? Brake Checking is Considered Illegal and Extremely Dangerous. While brake checking may seem like sweet revenge against aggressive tailgaters, it’s almost always illegal and increases the risk of severe collisions.On power assisted systems, checking with motor running, there shall be one-fifth or more of the total available pedal travel remaining when pedal is depressed under moderate foot force. (3) The service brake shall stop the vehicle in the distance required by law. Visual inspection shall be made for leakage of brake cylinders on all wheels.Aquí nos gustaría mostrarte una descripción, pero el sitio web que estás mirando no lo permite.Brake-checking is when a driver in front of you hits sharply on their breaks with the intention of making you either (a) slam on the breaks and/or swerve out of the way, or (b) crash into them. Nope, not brake-checking in the sense of checking your own brakes after you've driven through a deep puddle in the road. We mean the more sinister kind.Aug 15, 2022 · By Angie Bell / August 15, 2022. There is not a specific law that makes brake checking illegal in Michigan. However, slamming on one’s brakes to retaliate against a tailgater could result in a ticket for careless driving if the police determine you endangered another person. Additionally, if you cause an accident, then you may be found at fault. Because brake checking is a form of aggressive or negligent driving, it is an illegal action. While tailgating is an unpleasant and unlawful practice, it is always preferable to pull over and let the other car pass rather than brake check them. A brake check, once again, raises your chances of getting involved in a rear-end collision.Brake checking is the act of sharply hitting the brakes whilst driving with a vehicle behind you, with the intention of making the unsuspecting vehicle slam on their own brakes or swerve out of the way lest they cause an accident. It stems from the common thought that insurance companies would find the victim at fault for not leaving enough ...Jun 30, 2023 · In the case of Illinois, the act of brake checking can potentially be considered illegal under certain circumstances. In Illinois, the primary statute governing brake checking is part of the Illinois Vehicle Code. This law states that drivers should not drive a vehicle in a manner that endangers the safety of others. Mar 14, 2023 ... ,brake checks, Bad driving| Instantjustice Submit ... Illegal U-turn earns consequences Kevin ... Ohio Thank You! Please feel free to contact ...On power assisted systems, checking with motor running, there shall be one-fifth or more of the total available pedal travel remaining when pedal is depressed under moderate foot force. (3) The service brake shall stop the vehicle in the distance required by law. Visual inspection shall be made for leakage of brake cylinders on all wheels.But I’m curious if you mean actual brake checking or the unusually high number of people who pass, then get in your lane only to slow down. Especially on the highway to Calgary and the Henday. I’m not sure if that is illegal but it’s dangerous as hell and frustrating.Rule 4501-15-04 | Clearance lamps, marker lamps, stop lamps, back-up lamps, turn signals, license plate illuminating light, identification lamps and reflectors on vehicles. Rule 4501-15-05 | Parking lights. Rule 4501-15-06 | Spot lights and auxiliary driving lights. Rule 4501-15-07 | Back-up lights, side cowl or fender lights.Because “Jake break” is a nickname for the compression release engine brake, and since that is a long name, the wording on the signs varies quite a lot. Here are some examples: No Jake Brakes. Compression Braking Prohibited. No Engine Breaks. Brake Retarders Restricted. Unmuffled Compression Brakes Prohibited. Brake checking is illegal in the state of Illinois. This is because Illinois law categorizes it as a form of negligent or aggressive driving. Tailgating is highly unpleasant for those being tailgated. However, brake checking is never the answer. If you brake-check the other driver, you raise the chances of a rear-end collision. What is brake checking? Brake checking is a dangerous driving behavior where a driver abruptly stops their car or slams on their brakes in front of another vehicle, usually as a way to signal frustration or anger. This dangerous practice can cause the following vehicle to rear-end the first car or swerve to avoid a collision, potentially ...The first step to troubleshooting an anti-lock brake system is checking the fuse that manages the brakes. If the fuse is functional, check the harness of the ABS controller for sig...Section 4511.661 | Unattended motor vehicles. (A) No person driving or in charge of a motor vehicle shall permit it to stand unattended without first stopping the engine, locking the ignition, removing the key from the ignition, effectively setting the parking brake, and, when the motor vehicle is standing upon any grade, turning the front ...Due to its potential risks, state laws have made brake checking illegal. Unfortunately, people continue to engage in this behavior despite knowing its dangers. …4507 Furling Ln Suite 214. Destin, FL 32541. (850) 790-0243. Brannon & Brannon Personal Injury Attorneys – Fort Walton Beach Office. 975 Mar Walt Dr. Fort Walton Beach, FL 32547. (850) 863-5297. Drivers engaging in brake checking increase the chances of rear-end collisions, causing injuries and financial losses for victims.Apr 25, 2022 · The Law Offices of Tim Misny can help you determine who could be liable in your brake checking car accident. Brake checking and negligence lawsuits. As a driver, you have the duty not to cause harm to others. That generally includes following the rules of the road, driving sober and not taking any unnecessary risks. When drivers fail to meet ... Engaging in a brake check, where a motorist intentionally decelerates sharply to deter a trailing vehicle, is not only dangerous but also forbidden by law. In Indiana, such an act falls under aggressive driving, as outlined by the § 9-21-8-55 legal code. Recognizing brake checking as illegal represents a move to safeguard the safety of motorists.Section 4511.38 | Rules for starting and backing vehicles. Section 4511.38. |. Rules for starting and backing vehicles. (A) No person shall start a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley which is stopped, standing, or parked until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. Before backing, operators of vehicle, streetcars, or trackless ...Brake Checking in The State of California. Monday, August 01, 2022. If you’ve never heard of “brake checking,” it’s when somebody pumps their brakes in an effort to try to get a tailgating driver to slow down and give them space. It may sound like an innocuous thing to do, but it can actually be dangerous and illegal.The Solution: Take Action! Brake checking is illegal in many states across the country and carries stiff penalties. Engaging in it could result in fines, license …Brake checking is the act of abruptly pushing on your brakes while another car is following you closely behind, on purpose. The act of brake checking is usually to spite the other driver, causing them to swerve out of the way, push on their own brakes, or even crash into the back of your car. It can also be intended as a signal to tell the same ...Dec 10, 2019 ... Lawmakers hit the brakes on 8-year drivers' licenses in Ohio. ... Lawmakers hit the brakes on 8-year drivers' licenses in Ohio. 655 views · 4 ...On power assisted systems, checking with motor running, there shall be one-fifth or more of the total available pedal travel remaining when pedal is depressed under moderate foot force. (3) The service brake shall stop the vehicle in the distance required by law. Visual inspection shall be made for leakage of brake cylinders on all wheels.Section 4511.38 | Rules for starting and backing vehicles. Section 4511.38. |. Rules for starting and backing vehicles. (A) No person shall start a vehicle, streetcar, or trackless trolley which is stopped, standing, or parked until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. Before backing, operators of vehicle, streetcars, or trackless ...What is brake checking? Brake checking is a dangerous driving behavior where a driver abruptly stops their car or slams on their brakes in front of another vehicle, usually as a way to signal frustration or anger. This dangerous practice can cause the following vehicle to rear-end the first car or swerve to avoid a collision, potentially ...Stop lights shall be mounted on the rear of the vehicle, actuated upon application of the service brake, and may be incorporated with other rear lights.Dec 21, 2023 · The urge to slam on the brakes as payback can be strong. But is brake checking legal or illegal? Brake Checking is Considered Illegal and Extremely Dangerous. While brake checking may seem like sweet revenge against aggressive tailgaters, it’s almost always illegal and increases the risk of severe collisions. Ohio: $150: 2: Oklahoma: $ 285: 2: Oregon: $355 : n/a: Pennsylvania: $125: 3: Rhode Island: $85: n/a: South Carolina: $25-$200: ... Tailgating laws usually specify that driving too close to another vehicle is not permitted when conditions allow keeping a safe distance. ... Brake checking will make the driver of the vehicle behind you push on ...Based on this definition, brake checking is likely illegal in New Jersey. It may be punishable by a jail sentence of up to 60 days and a fine of up to $200 for a first offense. In New Jersey, reckless driving is a step beyond careless driving, a less serious offense that involves simple negligence. Careless driving involves driving without due ...The state of Minnesota considers brake checking a form of careless driving, which is illegal. Brake checking can result in severe accidents that lead to debilitating injuries. An attorney can investigate a car accident and gather evidence to prove brake checking occurred.The passenger in question is kind of a jacksauce and not necessarily and authority on legal matters but I must admit I've never really considered the legality of brake checking. I searched google and most of the answers I saw were mere speculation. I found one yahoo answers entry which claimed that brake checking was illegal and easily ...What happens if you hit a car after being brake-checked in Florida? Are you liable, or is the other driver? Find out more.Ohio takes texting and driving very seriously, and in an attempt to stop this unsafe practice, it has approved new legislation restricting cell phone usage while driving. Schuerger Shunnarah Trial Attorneys can also give insight to laws dealing with questions such as Is brake checking illegal in Ohio? Brake checking is the act of abruptly pushing on your brakes while another car is following you closely behind, on purpose. The act of brake checking is usually to spite the other driver, causing them to swerve out of the way, push on their own brakes, or even crash into the back of your car. It can also be intended as a signal to tell the same ... The act of brake-checking is when a driver purposely slams on his or her brakes while in traffic, allowing little to no time for drivers directly behind that vehicle to react, often resulting in a rear-end collision. When these collisions occur, the result appears to be that the driver who slammed on his or her brakes is the victim of the ...Aggressive Tailgating & Brake Checking: Illegal? Brake checking is dangerous and illegal. It's typically defined as braking with the specific intent of forcing the rear vehicle to respond. Generally, state law considers brake checking an illegal action. Intent can be difficult to judge.Section 4513.20 | Brake equipment for vehicles. Section 4513.201 | Brake fluid standards.Brake checking is illegal not only in California, but in all 50 states. It is a dangerous driving behavior that leads to many rear-end accidents resulting in vehicle damage and serious injuries. The reason why people brake check is a complicated one. It could be an aggressive driving tactic, a symptom of road rage, or insurance company fraud.The Lemon Law applies to passenger cars, motorcycles and other noncommercial motor vehicles, which are designed to carry no more than a one-ton load and are used exclusively for personal use. OHIO’S LEMON LAW. You are covered by Ohio’s Lemon Law if the problems with your new motor vehicle occurred in the first 12 months or first 18,000 ...Brake checking is a dangerous driving practice that is currently illegal in the USA. Brake checking happens when someone is driving in front of another car and suddenly slams on the brakes. Drivers usually brake check to force tailgating cars to back off and give them more space. However, sometimes brake checking is done …Motor vehicles equipped with surge brake systems must have a service brake system that meets the applicable requirements of §§ 393.42, 393.48, 393.49, and 393.52 of this subpart. ( c) Parking brakes. Each commercial motor vehicle must be equipped with a parking brake system that meets the applicable requirements of § 393.41.Though citations will vary by court, drivers who get pulled over for brake checking in San Diego County will likely have to pay a $238 fine. Gerber recommended that drivers should avoid aggressive tendencies while operating a vehicle, and should not get too close to the car in front of them. Brake checking is illegal throughout most of California.Tapping your brake pedal to warn another road user not to tailgate is a chargeable offence. You could face fines in some jurisdictions, while others may impose stricter penalties. Some states could imprison you if your driving is considered that dangerous. For the unaware, brake-checking is where a person driving in front of …Learn more about what brake checking is and who is responsible in an accident caused by brake checking in our latest blog post. (800) 800-0000. Free Case Evaluation. About us; Attorneys; ... Is Brake Checking Illegal? Engaging in brake checking is a form of reckless, or aggressive, driving which is prohibited by traffic laws. ...Section 4511.01. |. Traffic laws - operation of motor vehicles definitions. As used in this chapter and in Chapter 4513. of the Revised Code: (A) "Vehicle" means every device, including a motorized bicycle and an electric bicycle, in, upon, or by which any person or property may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except that "vehicle" …Brake-checking is illegal in most U.S. states. This is due to the fact that a driver put themselves and others in danger if they slam down on the brakes for no reason. In one of the worst-case scenarios, a negligent driver can brake-check and cause a fatal car accident. Is brake-checking illegal in Illinois? It is against the law to brake-check ...(a) Parking brake: check by slowly engaging the drive train while the parking brake is on. (In air brake systems, the parking brake will remain applied if there is a partial or complete air pressure loss in the service brakes.) (b) Service brakes: test at low speeds and bring the bus to a complete stop.

Sadly, in Florida, brake checking is not specifically illegal. However, it can be considered a form of aggressive driving or road rage, which is illegal under Florida law . Aggressive driving is defined as any behavior that endangers or is likely to endanger people or property, such as speeding, weaving in and out of traffic, tailgating, or .... Elvis duran in the morning cast

Stop lights shall be mounted on the rear of the vehicle, actuated upon application of the service brake, and may be incorporated with other rear lights.Dashcam video captured a road rage incident on Highway 50 in Sacramento, where a driver "brake checked" a vehicle, causing another motorist to lose control and slam into the first car. "To ...Electric trailer brakes must be controlled by a brake controller mounted in the towing vehicle within easy reach of the driver. This allows quick and easy adjustments to the contro...Motor vehicles equipped with surge brake systems must have a service brake system that meets the applicable requirements of §§ 393.42, 393.48, 393.49, and 393.52 of this subpart. ( c) Parking brakes. Each commercial motor vehicle must be equipped with a parking brake system that meets the applicable requirements of § 393.41.It’s to open up space between you and traffic ahead of you to give you space to escape being run over by the tailgater if traffic ahead suddenly stops. I still use that technique now even when driving a car. It is about as legal as tailgating to begin with. Of course not. It endangers everyone for a moment of anger.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Performing a brake check is illegal in the state of Florida, and it’s considered a form of aggressive driving that could also be linked to road rage. The law applies whether a driver is doing it as a joke or trying to scare a driver as a punitive measure. If you rear-end someone who hits their brakes aggressively, then you have a legal right ...October 26, 2023. Brake checking is a dangerous, and illegal, driving behavior that can cause severe injuries and property damage. If you’re the victim of a brake-checking accident in Arizona or Utah, don’t hesitate to contact Esquire Law. Our car accident lawyers will bring the responsible party to justice and secure compensation for your ...Texas laws do not expressly state every unsafe practice a driver can perform. So, it is plausible to wonder if brake checking is illegal. According to the Texas Transportation Code (545.401), a driver commits an offense when operating an automobile knowingly or willfully without acknowledging the safety of others, resulting in a …Yes. After a county or township has passed a resolution restricting the use of engine brakes pursuant to the Ohio Revised Code sections mentioned above. When can ‘No Engine …Is Brake Checking Illegal in Florida? Brake checking is considered a form of aggressive driving in Florida and, thus, illegal. Because brake checking is unlawful, if you are involved in a car accident because of brake checking, you may have the legal right to pursue compensation from that party or their insurance company.Jun 30, 2007 · Latest Legislation: House Bill 67 - 127th General Assembly. PDF: Download Authenticated PDF. (A) The following requirements govern as to brake equipment on vehicles: (1) Every trackless trolley and motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with brakes adequate to control the movement of and to stop ... What is brake checking? Brake checking is a dangerous driving behavior where a driver abruptly stops their car or slams on their brakes in front of another vehicle, usually as a way to signal frustration or anger. This dangerous practice can cause the following vehicle to rear-end the first car or swerve to avoid a collision, potentially ...Apr 22, 2022 ... Labrum Law Firm Personal Injury Lawyers - Personal Injury and Car Accident Lawyers in Nashville and. Is Brake Checking Illegal? Get a free ...The brake check is illegal, and it’s a common misconception that the driver in the rear is at fault. People brake check for several reasons, such as to avoid an animal on the road or an accident. However, there are also instances where brake checking is intentional.What is an engine brake? An engine brake is a device used on vehicles - primarily large . trucks - that is used to slow the vehicle. ... Who can enact regulation prohibiting the use of engine brakes? The Ohio Office of the Attorney General . has determined that, pursuant to the Ohio Revised Code Sections 505.17(A) and 4513.221(E)(4), a Board ...Brake Checking is Illegal and Immoral. I am honestly shocked at how many people don't know that brake checking is illegal. I did a CMV earlier and several people admitted to break checking which is a crime in most States. Though it is difficult to prove without a camera or video evidence, it is considered reckless endangerment. Rule 4501-15-04 | Clearance lamps, marker lamps, stop lamps, back-up lamps, turn signals, license plate illuminating light, identification lamps and reflectors on vehicles. Rule 4501-15-05 | Parking lights. Rule 4501-15-06 | Spot lights and auxiliary driving lights. Rule 4501-15-07 | Back-up lights, side cowl or fender lights. Slamming on the brakes in this way is an illegal driving maneuver better known as brake checking. In addition to being against the law, it is a dangerous action that could result in a serious rear-end collision. Below, Schmidt Kramer discusses liability for brake-checking collisions and whether victims can seek compensation for damages..

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